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133 BC| c. 400 BC–AD c. 250 | Central America [everyday life] | The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of Mayan culture takes place in Mexico. By 400 BC, large structures have been built at several sites in the tropical lowland jungle. In the highlands, people begin to put up large clay platforms, some the basis for temples and others for elite houses, flanking open plazas. | | c. 200 BC–AD c. 200 | South America [religion] | During this period the Nazca Lines are drawn in the desert along the south coast of Peru. These are enormous stylized outlines of animals, including a monkey, whale, spider, and hummingbird, and sets of parallel lines, some as long as 20 km/12 mi. They are believed to be a development of Chavín de Huantar art; they may have had religious significance, or they may have been connected with astronomy. | | 133 BC | Rome [administration] | Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, the elder of the two Gracchi brothers, is elected tribune (magistrate) of the plebeians (the common people) in Rome. He institutes drastic and highly controversial agrarian reforms and embarks on a radical programme aimed at alleviating the worst poverty. When King Attalus III of Pergamum leaves his kingdom to Rome, Tiberius Gracchus attempts to use the legacy to pay for reforms, an unprecedented interference in foreign policy, which was previously dictated by the Senate. | | 133 BC | Rome [administration] | The issues raised by Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus concerning land distribution and the power of the tribunate are far from settled with Tiberius' death. They lead to a period of unrest and may have contributed to the Social War. Clashes between the Senate and the tribunate are a feature of Roman politics until the end of the Republic. |
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