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1356| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | c. 1340–c. 1370 | Wales [poetry] | Welsh writer Dafydd ap Gwilym writes a body of poems – mostly love lyrics and nature poems – which are the highpoint of Welsh Medieval literature. | | 1356 | Bohemia, Holy Roman Empire [law and government] | In a campaign to enforce order in Bohemia, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV authorizes commoners to prosecute their lords in courts of law, where Bohemian is to be the official language. | | 17 January 1356 | Italy [wars] | Pope Innocent VI declares a crusade against Francesco Ordelaffi, lord of the northern Italian towns of Cesena and Forli. | | 20 January 1356 | Scotland, England [Anglo–Scottish Wars 1296–1371)] | Edward Balliol abdicates as king of Scotland, selling his claim to King Edward III of England who now invades as far as Edinburgh, Scotland. | | 19 September 1356 | France, England [Hundred Years War (1337–1453)] | Edward, Prince of Wales, the Black Prince, son of Edward III of England, raids central France from Gascony, defeating and capturing King John II of France at Maupertuis, near Poitiers, France. |
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