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1378| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1378 | England [Christianity] | The English religious reformer John Wycliffe (Wyclif) publishes De potestate papae/On Papal Power, in which he rejects papal authority and proposes a range of church reforms. | | 8 April 1378 | Papal States [administration] | On the death of Pope Gregory XI the Italian churchman Bartolomeo Prignano is elected Pope Urban VI in Rome, a position he holds until 1389. When he refuses to move to Avignon in France (where the papal court has been since 1309) his election is declared void and the Swiss churchman Robert of Geneva is elected Pope (in effect Antipope) Clement VII in Avignon, a position he holds until 1394. This marks the beginning of the Great Schism, when there are two Popes, which lasts until 1417. | | 20 September 1378 | France, Italy [administration] | Dissident cardinals, encouraged by King Charles V of France, elect Robert of Geneva as Pope Clement VII. This means that there are two current Popes. | | 29 November 1378 | Holy Roman Empire [political events] | Following the death of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, king of Bohemia, he is succeeded by his son Wenceslas. His younger sons, Sigismund and John, are endowed respectively with the Mark of Brandenburg and the newly formed Duchy of Görlitz. |
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