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1405| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1405 | China, Ming Empire, Southeast Asia [diplomacy] | The Chinese emperor Yongle recognizes the Sumatran prince Paramesvara, the founder of the Sultanate of Malacca in Southeast Asia, as its king. The flow of Chinese seaborne trade with India and the Middle East through Malacca makes it the greatest trading centre in Southeast Asia by the 1430s. | | 19 February 1405 | Mongol Empire, Egypt, Mameluke Sultanate, Syria, Central Asia, Asia Minor, Middle East [political events] | When Timur Leng (Tamerlane), grand amir of the Mongols, dies while leading an expedition to China, his heirs retain only Transoxiana and Khorasan, with his son, Shah Rukh, ruling from Heart. The Mamelukes recover Syria, while the dynasty of Black Sheep Turkomans from Azerbaijan establishes a dominion from eastern Anatolia to Baghdad, Persia, and the Safavid dynasty appears in Persia. | | 19 February 1405 | Central Asia [births and deaths] | Timur Leng (Tamerlane), ruthless Turkic leader who conquered Persia, India, and Anatolia, dies in Otrar, near Chimkent, Transoxiana. |
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