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1409| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1409 | Italy [sculpture] | The Italian artist Donatello (Donato di Niccolò) sculpts David, his first version of this subject. | | 1 January 1409 | Wales, England [wars] | The Welsh rebels holding Harlech Castle surrender to the English. The rebellion of Owen Glendower, Prince of Wales, has now collapsed. | | 5 June 1409 | France, Italy [diplomacy] | The Council of Pisa declares the deposition of Popes Benedict XIII of Avignon and Gregory XII of Rome. The latter holds a council at Cividale. | | 26 June 1409 | Italy [administration] | The cardinals meeting in Pisa elect Cardinal Peter Philarges as the antipope Alexander V. |
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