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1419| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | c. 1419 | Italy [painting] | Italian artist and architect Filippo Brunelleschi draws ‘perspective panels’, boards on which there is a drawing of a scene and a pinhole to view the scene itself. His device helps to create a mastery of linear perspective that plays a major role in Renaissance art. | | 1419 | Portugal [schools] | Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal sets up the first school of navigation in Europe, at Sagres, Portugal. | | 19 January 1419 | Normandy, France, England [Hundred Years War (1337–1453)] | Rouen, the capital of Normandy, France, surrenders to King Henry V of England, whose conquest of Normandy is thus complete. |
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