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1452| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1451–1456 | Germany, Holy Roman Empire [literature and language] | German craftsman Johann Gutenberg produces the first printed Bible, in Mainz, Germany, using movable, reusable, metal type. The work is printed in Gothic type, with 42 lines per page; 48 copies of the original printing currently survive. | | 1452 | Florence [births and deaths] | Leonardo da Vinci, Italian painter, sculptor, draughtsman, architect, engineer, and scientist, one of the most influential Renaissance humanists, who painted Mona Lisa, and Last Supper, and whose science was ahead of its time, born in Vinci, Republic of Florence (–1519). | | 10 March 1452 | Aragon [births and deaths] | Ferdinand the Catholic, King of Sicily (as Ferdinand II) 1468–1516, Aragon (as Ferdinand II) 1479–1516, Castile (as Ferdinand V and joint sovereign with his wife Isabella I) 1474–1504, and Naples (as Ferdinand III) 1504–16, who united the Spanish kingdoms into one nation and began Spain's period of imperial expansion, born in Sos, Aragon (–1516). | | 19 March 1452 | Holy Roman Empire [administration] | Pope Nicholas V crowns the Habsburg Frederick III as Holy Roman Emperor in Rome, Italy. Frederick will be the last emperor to be thus crowned. | | September 1452 | Bohemia, Holy Roman Empire [wars] | The city of Tabor, Bohemia, last stronghold and headquarters of the Taborites (the radical social revolutionary wing of the Hussite movement), surrenders to George of Podebrady, leader of the reformist Utraquist wing and governor of Bohemia. |
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