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1456| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1451–1456 | Germany, Holy Roman Empire [literature and language] | German craftsman Johann Gutenberg produces the first printed Bible, in Mainz, Germany, using movable, reusable, metal type. The work is printed in Gothic type, with 42 lines per page; 48 copies of the original printing currently survive. | | 1453–1457 | China, Ming Empire [natural disasters] | A series of natural disasters including blizzards, floods, drought, and earthquakes causes widespread famine and internal migration in China. | | c. 1456 | France [poetry] | French writer François Villon writes his long poem Le Lais/The Legacy (better known by its later title Le Petit Testament/The Shorter Testament). One of the most important French literary works of the 15th century, it describes his need to leave Paris because of an ill-starred love affair (though in fact Villon fled because implicated in robbery). It is first published in 1489. | | 1456 | Italy [sculpture] | Italian artist Donatello (Donato di Niccolò) sculpts Judith and Holofernes. | | 1456–1457 | Japan [fortifications] | Ota Dokan founds the city of Yedo (modern Tokyo) in Japan by building a castle near the mouth of the River Sumida, which strategically controls Kanto Plain. |
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