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1461| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 3 February 1461 | England [Wars of the Roses (1455–85)] | The Yorkist forces of Edward, Earl of March (the future King Edward IV of England), defeat and break Lancastrian forces including French, Breton, and Irish troops at Mortimer's Cross, Herefordshire, England. Owen Tudor (Pembroke) is captured and beheaded. | | 4 March 1461 | England [Wars of the Roses (1455–85)] | Having been welcomed into London, England, three days previously, Edward of York, Earl of March, is acclaimed King Edward IV by the populace. He pursues the Lancastrian forces of Henry VI northwards. | | August 1461 | Aragon, Spain [wars] | Prince Carlos de Viana, son and heir of John II of Aragon, dies suddenly in Barcelona, Spain. Civil war breaks out in Aragon and Navarre against John II, and Catalan Barcelona attempts a republican revolution. |
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