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1464| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1464 | North Africa, Mali [wars] | Sonni `Ali accedes to the rule of Gao, Mali, on the River Niger. Relying on cavalry, he defeats Mossi attacks, conquers the Dogon and Fulani peoples in the Bandiagara Hills to the southwest, and expels the Tuaregs, thus founding the Songhai empire (–1591). | | 23 February 1464 | China, Ming Empire [political events] | Hsien-Tung succeeds as the Ch'eng-Hua emperor following the death of his father Ying-tsung, and immediately orders military reforms, creating 120,000 elite capital troops and introducing military examinations. | | 1 August 1464 | Florence [births and deaths] | Cosimo de' Medici the Elder, financier and statesman, dies in Careggi, near Florence, Italy (74). |
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