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1491| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1486–1494 | Japan [law and government] | Having expelled rampaging feudal armies, leaders of the insurgent Yamashiro Ikki league (in which the gentry have joined with the peasants) meet at Uji, Japan, to formulate a provisional government for the province. | | 1491 | England [births and deaths] | William Caxton, the first English printer and influential translator and publisher, dies in London (c. 69). | | 1491 | Castile [births and deaths] | St Ignatius de Loyola, highly influential Spanish theologian, founder of the Jesuits (1534), born in Loyola, Castile, Spain (–1556). | | 25 January 1491 | Poland-Lithuania [wars] | Polish–Lithuanian forces under Jan Olbracht, son of King Casimir (Kazimierz) IV of Poland, decisively defeat the Kazan Tartars at Zaslaw, Poland, gaining respite from their raids. | | 28 June 1491 | England [births and deaths] | Henry VIII, King of England 1509–47, who broke with the Roman Catholic Church and had six wives, two of whom he executed and two of whom he divorced, born in Greenwich, near London, England (–1547). | | 7 November 1491 | Hungary [treaties] | Maximilian, King of the Romans, is unable to pay his mercenaries and abandons his attempt to conquer Hungary. He recognizes Wladyslaw (Ulászló) II as king of Hungary in the Treaty of Bratislava, which also states that the throne is to revert to the Habsburgs if Wladyslaw dies without an heir. | | 6 December 1491 | France [political events] | Anne of Brittany, coerced by the victory of the invasion forces of Anne of Beaujeu, regent of France, forsakes Maximilian, King of the Romans, and marries Charles VIII of France, thus incorporating the duchy of Brittany into France. Its autonomy is guaranteed through the Treaty of Laval. |
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