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1493| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1486–1494 | Japan [law and government] | Having expelled rampaging feudal armies, leaders of the insurgent Yamashiro Ikki league (in which the gentry have joined with the peasants) meet at Uji, Japan, to formulate a provisional government for the province. | | 1493 | Europe, Spain [medicine] | Syphilis appears in Europe for the first time, brought back from South America by sailors returning with the explorer Christopher Columbus. The disease is first reported in Barcelona, Spain. | | 1493 | India, Delhi Sultanate [political events] | Husayn Shah 'Ala' ad-Din, chief minister of Muzaffar Shah, the Abyssinian ruler of Bengal, stages a coup against his sovereign, moves the capital from Gaur to Ikdala, and executes the 12,000 palace guards. | | 1493 | Spain, Castile [political events] | The Catholic monarchs Ferdinand V and Isabella I of Aragon and Castile take control of the 700,000-strong chivalric crusading ‘Order of Santiago’, gaining possession of extensive lands and an income of 60,000 ducats per annum. | | 23 May 1493 | France, Holy Roman Empire [treaties] | King Charles VIII of France restores Artois and Franche-Comté (the county of Burgundy) to the Holy Roman Empire under the Treaty of Senlis. He received it as the dowry of Margaret of Austria, whom he has now forsaken for Anne of Brittany. | | July 1493 | Poland-Lithuania [law and government] | The assembly at Piotrków, Poland, of Polish szlachta (nobles) constitutes itself as the first national Sejm (parliament). It confirms noble privileges and restrictions on the peasantry, and limits noble powers. | | 19 August 1493 | Holy Roman Empire [political events] | Maximilian I assumes the title of Holy Roman Emperor elect (–1519) following the death of his father, the holy Roman Emperor Frederick III, thereby confirming the hereditary claim of the Habsburgs. | | December 1493 | Spain, Central America [exploration] | The Spanish expedition led by the explorer Christopher Columbus founds the first European city in the New World, on the island now comprising Haiti and the Dominican Republic, naming it Isabella. Columbus goes on to explore Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Jamaica. |
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