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1495| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1495 | Italy [painting] | The Italian artist Vittore Carpaccio completes his series of paintings The Life of Saint Ursula. A typical scene, full of details of contemporary Venetian life, is The Arrival of the Ambassadors of Britain at the Court of Brittany. | | 28 January 1495 | Papal States, Italy, France [political events] | King Charles VIII of France leaves Rome, Italy, for Naples, Pope Alexander VI having agreed to surrender the Italian coastal town of Civitavecchia and to give as a hostage his son Cesare Borgia, who escapes two days later. | | 31 March 1495 | Italy, Papal States, Spain, Ottoman Empire, France [treaties] | Pope Alexander VI forms the League of Venice with the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Venice, and Milan, ostensibly to fight the Ottoman Turks, but actually aimed at expelling King Charles VIII of France from Italy. | | 12 May 1495 | Italy, France [political events] | King Charles VIII of France is crowned king of Naples, but faced with a counteroffensive from the League of Venice, leaves for France a fortnight later. | | 7 August 1495 | Holy Roman Empire [legislation] | The Diet (legislative assembly) of Worms proclaims ‘general peace’ within the Holy Roman Empire, abolishing private warfare. The Reichskammergericht (a supreme court) is established, and an imperial tax (the Common Penny) is to be levied under the direction of the diet, for funding imperial defence. None of these measures will be effective. |
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