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1497| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | December 1496 - October 1497 | Portugal, Spain [political events] | Owing to the ‘purification’ condition of his marriage to the Infanta Isabella of Spain, King Manuel I of Portugal issues an edict ordering all Jews to convert to Christianity or leave Portugal within ten months. | | c. 1497 | Italy [painting] | The Italian artist Sandro Botticelli (Alessandro di Mariano dei Filipepi) paints Pietà. By this stage in his career Botticelli (influenced by the religious reformer Savonarola) has abandoned the sensual elegance of his earlier works to create works that are harsher and more intense. | | September 1497 | Spain, Portugal [political events] | Manuel I the Fortunate, king of Portugal, marries the Infanta Isabella of Spain, a marriage with which her parents King Ferdinand V and Queen Isabella I hope to unite the peninsula. | | 28 October 1497 | Sweden, Denmark-Norway [political events] | King John II of Denmark, invited into Sweden by a council of the realm discontented with the power of the regent, Sten Sture, defeats the regent's forces outside Stockholm, Sweden, reviving the Scandinavian Union of Kalmar. |
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