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1501| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1501 | Spain, England [fiction] | Spanish writer Fernando de Rojas publishes La Celestina/The Procuress, the first great Spanish novel. It is of great importance in the development of realistic comedy in European literature. It is translated into English in 1631. | | c. 1501 | Italy [painting] | The Italian artist Giorgione (Giorgio da Castelfranco) paints his Castelfranco Altarpiece. | | 25 June 1501 | Papal States, Naples, Italy, France, Spain [treaties] | Pope Alexander VI ratifies the secret Treaty of Granada (of 11 November 1500), which provides for the partition of the kingdom of Naples between France and Spain. He proclaims King Louis XII of France king of Naples and his son Cesare Borgia ‘Duke of Romagna’; Louis XII recognizes Cesare Borgia's conquests in the Romagna, northern Italy. | | 7 July 1501 | France, Spain, Naples, Italy [wars] | The French army under King Louis XII, aided by Cesare Borgia, captain general of the papal army, storms and sacks the city of Capua, while its Spanish allies under Gonzalo de Córdoba take control of the provinces of Apulia and Calabria. | | 4 August 1501 | France, Naples, Italy [wars] | The French complete their conquest of the northern half of the kingdom of Naples; the last castles surrender. King Federigo surrenders himself and the throne to King Louis XII of France and accepts the French duchy of Anjou. Louis d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours, becomes viceroy. | | 10 August 1501 | France, Holy Roman Empire [treaties] | The first of several treaties is made for the marriage of the infant Charles of Austria (the future emperor Charles V), son of Philip (‘the Handsome’), Archduke of Austria and Duke of Burgundy, grandson of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and the infant daughter Claude of King Louis XII of France. |
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