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1510| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1510 | Spain, South America [colonization] | Spanish expeditions from the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, under Alonso de Ojeda and Diego de Nicuesa respectively, attempt to found colonies on the gulf of Uraba (Colombia) and the Panama isthmus, the first attempts at colonization of the South American mainland. | | 1510–1512 | Denmark-Norway, Spanish Netherlands [wars] | King John I of Denmark-Norway, allied with the county of Holland, fights a war with and defeats the Hanseatic city of Lübeck, which has dominated Baltic trade for 350 years. By the Treaty of Malmö, navigation of the Sund is controlled from Copenhagen. | | 2 February 1510 | Papal States, Italy, Venice [political events] | In a diplomatic volte-face, Pope Julius II leaves the League of Cambrai and makes peace with Venice. He absolves Venice from excommunication and the Venetians restore his rights in their territory. | | 17 May 1510 | Florence [births and deaths] | Sandro Botticelli (original name Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi), Florentine painter of the early Renaissance, whose major works include The Birth of Venus (c. 1484) and Primavera/Spring (c. 1478), dies in Florence, Italy (c. 65). | | 7 July 1510 | Papal States, Spain, France, Naples, Italy [political events] | Pope Julius II secures King Ferdinand II of Aragon's alliance against France, whose aid Ferdinand no longer requires now that his position in Castile is secured. The Pope invests him with the crown of Naples. |
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