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1515| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1515 | Germany [painting] | The German artist Matthias Grünewald completes his painting of the Isenheim Altarpiece. | | 6 January 1515 | Holy Roman Empire, Spanish Netherlands [political events] | Charles, the Spanish Infante and archduke of Austria, heir to Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, comes of age and takes over from Margaret, Archduchess of Austria, as governor of the Netherlands. | | August 1515 | France, Milan, Venice, Holy Roman Empire, Italy [wars] | King Francis I of France sets out for Italy, crossing the Alps with an army of 110,000, to recover the duchy of Milan. He rapidly defeats Milanese forces at Villafranca. Venice besieges the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I's stronghold of Verona. | | 13 September - 14 September 1515 | France, Italy, Venice, Milan, Swiss Confederation, Holy Roman Empire [wars] | Having seized Novara, King Francis I of France's forces, decisively aided by the Venetians, defeat the Swiss armies at Marignano, south of Milan, and so conquer the duchy; the supremacy of the Swiss mercenary infantry is brought to an end. | | 7 November 1515 | France, Swiss Confederation [treaties] | The Swiss Confederation makes peace with France by the Treaty of Geneva; the Swiss recognize King Francis I of France's right to the Italian duchy of Milan and in return are allowed to keep most of their southern conquests (equivalent to modern Ticino canton). |
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