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1527| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1525–1527 | Inca Empire [plagues and epidemics] | An epidemic, probably smallpox or measles, decimates the Inca Empire. It is spread via Chiriguano raiders of the Chaco from the Spanish on the Rio de la Plata. Among the dead is the Inca ruler, Huayna Capac, whose failure to nominate a successor leads to civil war. | | 1527 | France [music] | The French music publisher Jaques Attaignant publishes the first of his Chansons nouvelles/New Songs in Paris, France. Because of changes to musical notation, the scores can be published at one printing, which means that printed music becomes much cheaper. | | 6 May - 14 May 1527 | Holy Roman Empire, Papal States, Italy [wars] | Unpaid and mutinous Habsburg Spanish and (often Protestant) Landsknecht (mercenary knight) troops, under Charles, duc de Bourbon, and Georg von Frunsberg, assault and sack Rome, Italy. Bourbon dies in the assault, and Pope Clement VII takes refuge in the Castel Sant' Angelo. | | 21 May 1527 | Spain, Portugal [births and deaths] | Philip II, King of Spain 1556–98, and King of Portugal 1580–98, who brought Spain to the zenith of its power, born in Valladolid, Spain (–1598). | | 31 May 1527 | England [political events] | After secret discussions with his Lord Chancellor Cardinal Thomas Wolsey on 17 May, King Henry VIII of England informs his wife, Catherine of Aragon, that he is seeking a divorce on the grounds that she was his brother's widow; Henry has no surviving legitimate son and Catherine is now 41 years old. | | 21 June 1527 | Florence [births and deaths] | Niccolò Machiavelli, Italian statesman, writer, and political theorist whose best-known work is Il principe/The Prince (1513), dies in Florence, Italy (58). | | 24 June 1527 | Sweden [political events] | At the Swedish Diet (legislative assembly) of Västerås, King Gustavus I Vasa, hard-pressed by a peasants' revolt in Dalarnia and the financial demands of the city of Lübeck, forces through a reformation of the Swedish church; its privileges are abolished, the existing structure is retained, and it is formally placed under royal control. Toleration is granted to anyone preaching the ‘Word of God’. |
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