| 1533–1545 | Dai Viet [political events] | Nguyen Kim restores the south of Dai Viet to the Le dynasty, governing from Hue. The usurping Mac family remains in control of the north from Hanoi. |
| 1535–1545 | Holy Roman Empire, Spanish Netherlands [crime and punishment] | After the failure of the revolution in Münster and the risings elsewhere, about 30,000 Anabaptists are executed in the Netherlands alone; the remainder follow the new pacifist Dutch prophet Menno Simons and cease to be a political force. |
| 24 August 1535 - 23 June 1537 | Spain, South America [exploration] | The Spanish conquistador Pedro de Mendoza leads an expedition, commissioned by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, to La Plata (modern Argentina/Uruguay/Paraguay) in search of more Inca wealth. He founds temporary settlements on the sites of Buenos Aires, and then Asunción, but dies a failure on the return voyage (23 June 1537). |
| 1536 | Japan [births and deaths] | Toyotomi Hideyoshi (original name Hiyo-Shimaru, also known as Hashiba Chikuzen no kami), Japanese military leader, feudal lord, and chief imperial minister 1585–98 who completed the unification of Japan, born in Owari Province, Japan (–1598). |
| 1536 | England [palaces] | Hampton Court Palace, near London, England, is completed. Commissioned by Cardinal Wolsey, but later confiscated by Henry VIII as a royal residence, it is one of the finest Tudor palaces. |
| 1536 | Switzerland [surgery] | The Swiss physician Paracelsus (Theophrastus von Hohenheim) produces Die grosse Wundartzney/Great Surgery Book, a landmark break with Galenic medicine. |
| 1536 | Swiss Confederation [thought and scholarship] | French religious reformer John Calvin publishes his Institutio Christianae religionis/Institutes of the Christian Religion in Basel, Swiss Confederation. It establishes his pre-eminence among reformers throughout Europe. The definitive edition appears in 1559. |
| February 1536 | France, Ottoman Empire [political events] | France and the Ottoman Empire sign an alliance against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V; King Francis I of France gains important trade concessions in Ottoman territories. |
| February - April 1536 | France, Savoy, Milan, Holy Roman Empire, Italy [Habsburg–Valois Wars (1494–1559)] | French forces under Phillipe de Chabot, Admiral de Brion, invade Piedmont, Italy, taking Savoy, and, in April, Turin; they seek to gain the Italian duchy of Milan for the royal House of Valois, in the person of King Francis I of France's son, Henry, Duke of Orléans. |
| 11 March 1536 | England [political events] | King Henry VIII of England presents a bill to Parliament for the dissolution of the 376 monasteries worth less than £200 per annum; the land thus gained is worth £32,000. The Court of Augmentations is established to administer former monastic property, superseding the Exchequer. |
| 19 May 1536 | England [crime and punishment] | When Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII of England, is beheaded, having been found guilty of adultery and incest, Thomas Cranmer, the archbishop of Canterbury, declares her marriage invalid. Her brother Lord Rochford and other alleged lovers are also executed. |
| 30 May 1536 | England [political events] | King Henry VIII of England marries Jane Seymour, the daughter of a knight, a member of the lesser nobility. |
| 12 July 1536 | Swiss Confederation, Netherlands [births and deaths] | Desiderius Erasmus, Dutch humanist, considered the greatest scholar of the northern European Renaissance, dies in Basel, Swiss Confederation (66). |
| 25 July 1536 | Holy Roman Empire, France [Habsburg–Valois Wars (1494–1559)] | The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V leads an imperial invasion of Provence, countering the French conquest of Piedmont. The French under Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duc, retreat but stall Charles's advance, devastating the land by ‘scorched earth’ tactics. Charles besieges the Provençal port of Marseille. |
| 28 July 1536 | Denmark-Norway [wars] | Count Christopher von Oldenburg, the mercenary general of Lübeck, surrenders Copenhagen to the forces of the Lutheran Christian III after a long siege; this ends the Danish civil war known as the ‘Count's War’. |
