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1541| 1533–1545 | Dai Viet [political events] | Nguyen Kim restores the south of Dai Viet to the Le dynasty, governing from Hue. The usurping Mac family remains in control of the north from Hanoi. | | 1535–1545 | Holy Roman Empire, Spanish Netherlands [crime and punishment] | After the failure of the revolution in Münster and the risings elsewhere, about 30,000 Anabaptists are executed in the Netherlands alone; the remainder follow the new pacifist Dutch prophet Menno Simons and cease to be a political force. | | 1541 | Greece, Spain [births and deaths] | El Greco (Domenikos Theotokopoulos), celebrated Greco-Spanish painter, whose major works include View of Toledo (c. 1610) and The Adoration of the Shepherds (1612–14), born in Candia, now Iráklion, Crete (–1614). | | 1541 | England [legislation] | An English act of Parliament is passed for the maintenance of archery and the debarring of unlawful games, such as slide thrift. King Henry VIII indulges in many of these ‘unlawful games’ himself, but he is also keen to promote archery in England, and has a reputation as a fine archer. | | 1541 | Italy [painting] | Italian artist Michelangelo (Buonarroti) completes his fresco The Last Judgement, painted on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel in Rome, Italy. He began work in 1536. | | 1541 | Italy [plays] | Italian humanist Giambattista Cinzio Giraldi writes Orbeche, the first Italian tragedy based on classical models to be performed in Renaissance Italy. | | 28 January 1541 | England [births and deaths] | Sir Francis Drake, most famous English admiral of the Elizabethan Age, circumnavigator of the globe, born in Devonshire, England (–1596). | | 26 August 1541 | Ottoman Empire, Hungary [Habsburg–Ottoman Wars (1525–1718)] | The Ottoman sultan Suleiman I the Magnificent, having invaded Hungary to prevent a Habsburg conquest through Archduke Ferdinand I of Austria's claim to that kingdom, takes the capital Buda (now Budapest) and annexes Hungary. | | September 1541 | Geneva, Holy Roman Empire [Protestantism] | French-born Protestant reformer John Calvin is invited back to Geneva from Strassburg, Germany. This marks the beginning of his pre-eminence there. By issuing his Ecclesiastical Ordinances, which sets out the role of the church in the governing of the city, he lays the foundation for a theocratic state. |
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