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1551| 1547–1552 | Russia, Central Asia [wars] | Tsar Ivan IV (‘the Terrible’) of Russia mounts two unsuccessful assaults on Kazan before taking the city and deposing its khan, beginning the Russian conquest of the Tatar lands. | | 1550–1600 | North America, South America, Europe [trade] | New agricultural products are exchanged between the New and Old Worlds. The Spanish introduce potatoes, tomatoes, quinine, cocoa, tapioca, and tobacco to Europe. From Europe, the New World gains barley, oats, rye, sugar cane, cattle, pigs, poultry, rabbits, and horses. | | 9 March 1551 | Habsburg Monarchy [political events] | The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V settles the succession to the imperial title; his brother, Archduke Ferdinand I of Austria, king of the Romans (the German king) and Bohemia, is to succeed him, followed in turn by Charles's son Philip of Spain, and then Ferdinand's son Maximilian; neither Spanish nor Austrian parties are placated, and the compact is replaced in 1553. |
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