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1562| 1550–1600 | North America, South America, Europe [trade] | New agricultural products are exchanged between the New and Old Worlds. The Spanish introduce potatoes, tomatoes, quinine, cocoa, tapioca, and tobacco to Europe. From Europe, the New World gains barley, oats, rye, sugar cane, cattle, pigs, poultry, rabbits, and horses. | | 1560–1562 | France [political events] | After the ‘Tumult of Amboise’ of 17 March 1560 (the defeat of a Huguenot conspiracy to rescue King Francis II of France from the domination of the Catholic Guise faction), religious agitation in France reaches such a pitch that outbreaks of violence are frequent and civil war becomes an increasingly likely prospect. | | 1562–1563 | England, Africa, New Spain [slavery] | The English navigator John Hawkins leads the first English slave-trading expedition to the Caribbean, via Guinea, Africa. | | 1562–1563 | Italy [Christianity] | The third and last session of the Council of Trent is held in Trento in Italy. The first session was opened in 1545. The Council of Trent has a major impact on the Catholic Church, introducing reforms, defining doctrine, and setting out strategies for fighting the spread of Protestantism. | | 1562 | Italy, Rome [music] | The Italian composer Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina composes Missa Papae Marcelli/Mass of Pope Marcellus in memory of Pope Marcellus, who died in 1555. | | c. 1562 | Italy [painting] | The Italian artist Tintoretto (Jacopo Robusti) paints The Finding of the Body of Saint Mark and The Discovery of the Body of Saint Mark. | | 17 January 1562 | France [political events] | The French chancellor Michel de L'Hôpital promulgates the Edict of St Germain, which permits the existence of the Huguenot (French Protestant) Church. Francis, Duke of Guise, his brother Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine, and Anne, Duke of Montmorency form a militant league to prevent the edict from being enforced. | | 1 March 1562 | France [French Wars of Religion (1562–80)] | A congregation of 1,200 Huguenots (French Protestants) is massacred by the Guise army marching on Paris at Vassy, provoking the First War of Religion in France. |
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