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1565| 1550–1600 | North America, South America, Europe [trade] | New agricultural products are exchanged between the New and Old Worlds. The Spanish introduce potatoes, tomatoes, quinine, cocoa, tapioca, and tobacco to Europe. From Europe, the New World gains barley, oats, rye, sugar cane, cattle, pigs, poultry, rabbits, and horses. | | 1565 | Italy [painting] | Italian artist Tintoretto (Jacopo Robusti) begins a large cycle of paintings in the Scuola di San Rocco in Venice, Italy, completed in 1587. One of the earliest is the Crucifixion of 1565. | | 1565 | Netherlands [painting] | The Dutch artist Pieter Breughel completes a series of paintings depicting the seasons, including Hunters in the Snow, Gloomy Day, Return of the Herd, and August. | | 23 January 1565 | India, Vijayanagara [wars] | A coalition of the Muslim sultans of the Deccan defeats the armies of Vijayanagara at Talikota, India, effectively bringing an end to the ancient Hindu kingdom. |
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