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1569| 1550–1600 | North America, South America, Europe [trade] | New agricultural products are exchanged between the New and Old Worlds. The Spanish introduce potatoes, tomatoes, quinine, cocoa, tapioca, and tobacco to Europe. From Europe, the New World gains barley, oats, rye, sugar cane, cattle, pigs, poultry, rabbits, and horses. | | 1566–1570 | England [banking and finance] | The English financier Thomas Gresham builds a ‘Bourse’ for the money market in London, England, which receives a charter as the Royal Exchange the year after its completion. | | 1568–1571 | Spain [political events] | The Moriscos (nominally converted Muslims) revolt in Granada, Spain, against the anti-Arab decree of 1 January 1567 and the depredations of the Monfís (bandits of the sierras). Iñigo López de Mendoza, Marquis of Mondéjar, subdues the initial revolt by February 1569, but atrocities and robbery by his troops stimulate continued resistance. | | 1569–1573 | England, Ireland [wars] | James Fitzmaurice attempts to raise Ireland in Catholic rebellion against Queen Elizabeth I of England and the ‘Plantations’ (English colonies) in his native Munster and Leinster. Though the resistance succeeds in ejecting the colonists, he eventually surrenders to John Perrot, the English lord deputy of Ireland. | | 1569 | England [gambling and lotteries] | Lotteries are introduced in England under the patronage of Queen Elizabeth I. | | 1569 | Flanders, England [painting] | The Flemish-born English artist Hans Eworth paints Queen Elizabeth Confounding Juno, Minerva and Venus. | | May 1569 | France [French Wars of Religion (1562–80)] | Following the death at Jarnac of Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Condé, the Huguenot (French Protestant) estates meet in Cognac, France, electing Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, son of Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre, as their leader, and Admiral Gaspard de Coligny as their commander in chief. | | 1 July 1569 | Poland-Lithuania [political events] | King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland integrates his principality of Lithuania into Poland in the face of Russian aggression; the Union of Lublin creates a federal state with a unified diet (legislative assembly). Both polities retain their own armies, treasuries, administration, and laws. | | 5 September 1569 | Spanish Netherlands, Flanders [births and deaths] | Pieter Breughel the Elder, foremost Flemish painter of the 16th century, noted for landscapes and genre scenes, whose works include The Tower of Babel (1563) and The Seasons (1565), dies in Brussels, Spanish Netherlands (c. 44). |
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