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1570| 1550–1600 | North America, South America, Europe [trade] | New agricultural products are exchanged between the New and Old Worlds. The Spanish introduce potatoes, tomatoes, quinine, cocoa, tapioca, and tobacco to Europe. From Europe, the New World gains barley, oats, rye, sugar cane, cattle, pigs, poultry, rabbits, and horses. | | 1566–1570 | England [banking and finance] | The English financier Thomas Gresham builds a ‘Bourse’ for the money market in London, England, which receives a charter as the Royal Exchange the year after its completion. | | 1568–1571 | Spain [political events] | The Moriscos (nominally converted Muslims) revolt in Granada, Spain, against the anti-Arab decree of 1 January 1567 and the depredations of the Monfís (bandits of the sierras). Iñigo López de Mendoza, Marquis of Mondéjar, subdues the initial revolt by February 1569, but atrocities and robbery by his troops stimulate continued resistance. | | 1569–1573 | England, Ireland [wars] | James Fitzmaurice attempts to raise Ireland in Catholic rebellion against Queen Elizabeth I of England and the ‘Plantations’ (English colonies) in his native Munster and Leinster. Though the resistance succeeds in ejecting the colonists, he eventually surrenders to John Perrot, the English lord deputy of Ireland. | | 1570 | Italy, Europe, America [architecture] | The Italian architect Andrea Palladio publishes Quattro libri dell'architettura/Four Books on Architecture. Based on a long study of ancient Roman architecture, this book has a profound impact on the development of European and American architecture. | | 1570 | England [births and deaths] | Guy Fawkes, soldier and best-known member of the Gunpowder Plot, born in York, England (–1606). | | 1570 | England [painting] | The English artist Nicholas Hilliard paints Portrait of Queen Elizabeth I. | | 1570 | India, Vijayanagara [political events] | Having secured the aid of the other Deccan sultans in his struggle against the Sultanate of Bijaipur, the Hindu leader Tirumala is crowned as ruler of the south Indian kingdom of Vijayanagara, founding the Aravidu dynasty. | | 1570 | Russia [political events] | The Russian tsar Ivan IV (‘the Terrible’) suppresses resistance to the creation of an oprichnina (royal domain) in Novgorod by laying waste to the city and massacring 60,000 of its inhabitants. | | 8 August 1570 | France [treaties] | By the Peace of St Germain, the concessions to the Huguenots (French Protestants) of the treaties of Amboise (1563) and Longjumeau (1568) are restored; an amnesty is granted and the Huguenots gain the French strongholds of La Rochelle, Montauban, Cognac, and La Charité as places of refuge. Catherine de' Medici, the queen mother, reverses her alliances, supporting the Huguenot admiral Gaspard de Coligny against Guise influence. | | 13 December 1570 | Sweden, Denmark-Norway, Estonia [treaties] | In the Peace of Stettin, ending the ‘War of the Three Crowns’, Sweden retains Estonia and Elfsborg (present-day Gothenburg) for a stiff ransom; Denmark-Norway's increased Sund tolls are recognized, and Narva is opened to trade with Denmark-Norway and Lübeck. |
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