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1573| 1550–1600 | North America, South America, Europe [trade] | New agricultural products are exchanged between the New and Old Worlds. The Spanish introduce potatoes, tomatoes, quinine, cocoa, tapioca, and tobacco to Europe. From Europe, the New World gains barley, oats, rye, sugar cane, cattle, pigs, poultry, rabbits, and horses. | | 1569–1573 | England, Ireland [wars] | James Fitzmaurice attempts to raise Ireland in Catholic rebellion against Queen Elizabeth I of England and the ‘Plantations’ (English colonies) in his native Munster and Leinster. Though the resistance succeeds in ejecting the colonists, he eventually surrenders to John Perrot, the English lord deputy of Ireland. | | December 1572 - June 1573 | France [French Wars of Religion (1562–80)] | In the Fourth War of Religion in France, which follows the St Bartholomew's Day Massacre of Huguenots (French Protestants), a royal and Catholic army led (after February) by Henry, Duke of Anjou, fails in a siege of and numerous assaults on the Huguenot stronghold of La Rochelle on the west coast of France. | | c. 1573 | Italy [births and deaths] | Caravaggio (real name Michelangelo Merisi), outstanding Italian baroque painter, whose major works include The Supper at Emmaus (1596–98) and Death of the Virgin (1605–06), born In Caravaggio, Italy (–1610). | | 9 May 1573 | France, Poland-Lithuania [political events] | The Polish Sejm (parliament) elects Henry, Duke of Anjou, as king of Poland. He is obliged by the Sejm to sign the ‘Henrician Articles’; he promises to convoke the Sejm every other year, to take regular counsel with senators, and to seek their permission for marriage or war. He must also agree the religious tolerance granted by the Compact of Warsaw of 28 January. Henry was forced to accept these articles (named after him) because parliament was concerned about having a foreigner on the throne. | | July 1573 | Japan [wars] | The Japanese ‘daimyo’ Oda Nobunaga leads his forces in a descent on Kyoto, across Lake Biwa, takes the city by stealth, and deposes the last Ashikaga shogun (military ruler) Yoshiaki, who has been in contact with Nobunaga's enemies. | | 6 July 1573 | France [treaties] | The Peace of Boulogne ends the Fourth War of Religion in France; the Huguenots (French Protestants) are granted an amnesty and freedom of conscience, but they are free to worship only in La Rochelle, Nîmes, Sancerre, and Montauban. |
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