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1574| 1550–1600 | North America, South America, Europe [trade] | New agricultural products are exchanged between the New and Old Worlds. The Spanish introduce potatoes, tomatoes, quinine, cocoa, tapioca, and tobacco to Europe. From Europe, the New World gains barley, oats, rye, sugar cane, cattle, pigs, poultry, rabbits, and horses. | | 1574 | Ottoman Empire [births and deaths] | Selim II, Ottoman sultan (1566–1574), who brought peace to Europe and Asia, but during whose reign the power of the sultans began to diminish, dies in Constantinople (modern Istanbul), the capital of the Ottoman Empire (c. 50). | | 23 February 1574 | France [French Wars of Religion (1562–80)] | The Fifth War of Religion breaks out in France; Henri de Bourbon, Prince of Condé, governor of Picardy, renounces his Catholicism and flees to Alsace to raise a German Protestant army. | | 14 April 1574 | Holy Roman Empire, Spanish Netherlands [Dutch Revolt (1598–1609)] | Count Louis of Nassau, brother of William the Silent, Prince of Orange, and his invading army are annihilated on the heath at Mook by the Spanish forces of Luis de Requesens, the Habsburg governor of the Netherlands. | | 21 April 1574 | Florence [births and deaths] | Cosimo I the Great de' Medici, Duke of Florence 1537–74 and Grand Duke of Tuscany 1569–74, dies in Castello, near Florence, Italy (54). | | 30 May 1574 | France [political events] | King Charles IX of France dies. The queen mother Catherine de' Medici acts as regent until his brother, now Henry III, arrives from his kingdom of Poland. | | November 1574 | Holy Roman Empire, Spanish Netherlands [Dutch Revolt (1598–1609)] | Spanish Habsburg forces abandon the province of Holland in the Spanish Netherlands to the stadtholder (provincial executive officer) William the Silent, Prince of Orange, to the Dutch estates, and to Calvinism after their failure in the siege of Leiden. |
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