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1579| 1550–1600 | North America, South America, Europe [trade] | New agricultural products are exchanged between the New and Old Worlds. The Spanish introduce potatoes, tomatoes, quinine, cocoa, tapioca, and tobacco to Europe. From Europe, the New World gains barley, oats, rye, sugar cane, cattle, pigs, poultry, rabbits, and horses. | | 15 November 1577 - 30 November 1580 | England, Central America, South America [exploration] | The English buccaneer and explorer Francis Drake leads his expedition on the Pelican (later renamed the Golden Hind) round the world, via Cape Horn, to attack Spanish settlements and shipping along the American Pacific coast and to search for the fabled South Sea continent and the Northwest Passage. | | 1579 | England [poetry] | The English poet Edmund Spenser publishes The Shepheards Calender, twelve eclogues. | | 1579 | England [earth sciences] | English cartographer Christopher Saxton publishes his County Atlas of England and Wales, the first detailed regional atlas anywhere. | | 25 January 1579 | United Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire [Dutch Revolt (1598–1609)] | Deputies from the northern Dutch provinces of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland, Friesland, Oomelanden around Groningen, and Zutphen in Overijssel sign a perpetual alliance in Utrecht. The signatories are to act as a single province in war and foreign policy, but retain provincial rights and liberties in religion and other matters. The Union of Utrecht thus forms the foundation of the United Provinces of the Netherlands. | | 17 June 1579 | England, North America [exploration] | After successful privateering off the coast of Chile and Peru, the English buccaneer and explorer Francis Drake sails north as far as Vancouver Island, then turns back and lands north of the site of the future city of San Francisco, where he proclaims England's sovereignty over New Albion (modern California). |
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