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1588| 1550–1600 | North America, South America, Europe [trade] | New agricultural products are exchanged between the New and Old Worlds. The Spanish introduce potatoes, tomatoes, quinine, cocoa, tapioca, and tobacco to Europe. From Europe, the New World gains barley, oats, rye, sugar cane, cattle, pigs, poultry, rabbits, and horses. | | 1588 | Europe [astronomy] | Giovanni Paolo Gallucci's Theatrum mundi/Theatre of the World features the first star chart marked with a celestial coordinate system. | | 1588 | England [Christianity] | Welsh scholar William Morgan publishes Y Beibl Cyssegrlan/The Holy Bible, the first translation of the Bible into Welsh. It has a profound influence on the development (and the survival) of the Welsh language and Welsh literature. | | 1588 | England [painting] | The English artist Nicholas Hilliard paints the miniature A Youth Among Roses. | | 5 March 1588 | France [births and deaths] | Henri I de Bourbon, second Prince of Condé, French Huguenot leader, dies in Saint-Jean-d'Angély, France, of wounds received at the Battle of Coutras the previous year (36). | | 4 April 1588 | Denmark-Norway [political events] | Christian IV accedes to the throne of Denmark-Norway on the death of King Frederick II. | | 5 April 1588 | England [births and deaths] | Thomas Hobbes, major English philosopher and political theorist, whose best-known work is Leviathan (1651), born in Westport, Wiltshire, England (–1679). | | 11 July 1588 | France [political events] | In the Edict of Union, King Henry III of France capitulates to the Guise Catholic League's demands; he summons the States-General (parliament) to Blois in October, and denies toleration to any Protestant, repudiating King Henry of Navarre, the Huguenot (French Protestant) heir to the throne, in favour of the aged Cardinal Charles de Bourbon, and appointing Henri, Duke of Guise, lieutenant general of the kingdom. | | 29 July 1588 | England, Spain [Anglo–Spanish War (1586–97)] | After being forced to slip anchor when attacked by fire ships at night, the Spanish Armada is defeated by the combined English fleet under Lord Admiral Thomas Howard of Effingham off Gravelines, France. The surviving galleons take to the North Sea; many are subsequently wrecked off the Scottish and Irish coasts. | | 4 September 1588 | England [births and deaths] | Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, favourite and suitor of Queen Elizabeth I of England, dies in Cornbury, Oxfordshire, England (c. 56). | | 23 December 1588 | France [wars] | King Henry III of France mounts a coup against the Catholic League. He has Henri, Duke of Guise, assassinated at Blois, followed the next day by his brother Cardinal Louis, and takes the Catholic claimant to the throne, Cardinal Charles de Bourbon, prisoner. Charles, Duke of Mayenne, the third Guise brother, assumes leadership of the League. |
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