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1599| 1550–1600 | North America, South America, Europe [trade] | New agricultural products are exchanged between the New and Old Worlds. The Spanish introduce potatoes, tomatoes, quinine, cocoa, tapioca, and tobacco to Europe. From Europe, the New World gains barley, oats, rye, sugar cane, cattle, pigs, poultry, rabbits, and horses. | | 1590–1600 | China, Ming Empire [wars] | The Chinese warlord Yang Yinglong maintains his rebellion against Ming imperial forces in the Huguang–Sichuan–Guizhou border region of China until veterans of the war in Choson (modern Korea) under Li Hualong annihilate the insurgents. | | 10 April 1599 | France [political events] | Gabrielle d'Estrées, Duchess of Etampes, the mistress of King Henry IV of France, de-facto queen, and sponsor of his conversion to Catholicism and appointment of Maximilien de Béthune, Marquis Rosny (later Duke of Sully) as superintendent of finance, dies. | | 25 April 1599 | England [births and deaths] | Oliver Cromwell, English soldier and statesman, commander of parliamentarian forces in the English Civil Wars (1642–51), Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland 1653–58, born in Huntingdon, England (–1658). | | 8 September - 28 September 1599 | England, Ireland [political events] | Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, after dilatory campaigning, signs a truce with the Irish rebel Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, and, against orders, leaves Ireland, arriving at the court at Nonsuch on 28 September, where he is arrested. |
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