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1600| 1550–1600 | North America, South America, Europe [trade] | New agricultural products are exchanged between the New and Old Worlds. The Spanish introduce potatoes, tomatoes, quinine, cocoa, tapioca, and tobacco to Europe. From Europe, the New World gains barley, oats, rye, sugar cane, cattle, pigs, poultry, rabbits, and horses. | | 1590–1600 | China, Ming Empire [wars] | The Chinese warlord Yang Yinglong maintains his rebellion against Ming imperial forces in the Huguang–Sichuan–Guizhou border region of China until veterans of the war in Choson (modern Korea) under Li Hualong annihilate the insurgents. | | c. 1600 | Italy [painting] | The Italian artist Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi) paints The Supper at Emmaus. | | c. 1600 | Japan [theatre and dance] | The female Japanese dancer Okuni develops kabuki, a popular form of theatre that employs music and dancing and depicts scenes of everyday life (unlike the formal Noh theatre). | | 1600 | Netherlands [tools] | Around this time, the compound microscope, which uses two lenses to magnify objects, is invented – probably by Hans Lippershey or Hans Jansen and his son Zacharias, both spectacle makers from Middelburg in the Netherlands. | | 22 June - 30 June 1600 | Spanish Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire, United Netherlands [Dutch Revolt (1598–1609)] | Count Maurice of Nassau leads an army to the United Netherlands enclave of Ostend (Oostende) in Flanders, for an offensive against Dunkirk (Dunkerque) and Nieupoort in the Spanish Netherlands; Archduke Albert's Army of Flanders defeats him before he attacks Nieupoort (30 June). When the Flemish fail to rise in support, Maurice retreats to Holland. | | 6 August 1600 | France, Savoy, Italy, Holy Roman Empire [wars] | King Henry IV of France leads an invasion of the duchy of Savoy following the breakdown of negotiations for the return of the town of Saluzzo, which Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, annexed in 1588. | | 20 October 1600 | Japan [wars] | The ‘Eastern Army’ under Tokugawa Ieyasu, the leader of the ruling regency council in Japan, annihilates the rebel coalition, the ‘Western Army’, led by Ishida Matsunari, claiming to act for the underage Toyotomi Hideyori, at the pass of Sekigahara. Tokugawa hegemony is established in Japan. | | 19 November 1600 | UK [births and deaths] | Charles I, King of Great Britain and Ireland 1625–49, whose authoritarian rule provoked the English Civil Wars (1642–51), born in Dunfermline Palace, Fife, Scotland (–1649). |
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