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1612| 1606–1657 | Ottoman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, Hungary, Transylvania [treaties] | The 1606 peace treaties between the Habsburg and Ottoman empires lead to half a century of peace and stability in Hungary; no major campaigns are fought between the two, though frontier skirmishes and raids are endemic, and Transylvania develops into a rich regional power. | | 1607–1700 | North America, UK [food and drink] | Fruits introduced to the North American colonies from England include apples, which adapt well in New England, and peaches, which grow easily in Virginia and other warmer regions. Native vegetables like pumpkins, squash, and beans are favoured over European vegetables. | | 1612 | England [poetry] | The English poet John Donne writes On the Progress of the Soul, an elegy. | | 1612 | Germany [religion] | German mystic Jakob Böhme publishes Aurora, oder, Morgenröte im Aufgang/Aurora, or the Coming of Dawn. His first book, it is condemned by the Lutherans. | | 1612 | Italy [churches and temples] | The façade of Saint Peter's, designed by the Italian architect Carlo Maderno, is completed in the Vatican, Rome. | | October 1612 | Sweden, Denmark-Norway [wars] | Sweden, under King Gustavus II Adolphus, fights the Danish invasion of the War of Kalmar to a halt; Sweden preserves its independence. |
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