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1613| 1606–1657 | Ottoman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, Hungary, Transylvania [treaties] | The 1606 peace treaties between the Habsburg and Ottoman empires lead to half a century of peace and stability in Hungary; no major campaigns are fought between the two, though frontier skirmishes and raids are endemic, and Transylvania develops into a rich regional power. | | 1607–1700 | North America, UK [food and drink] | Fruits introduced to the North American colonies from England include apples, which adapt well in New England, and peaches, which grow easily in Virginia and other warmer regions. Native vegetables like pumpkins, squash, and beans are favoured over European vegetables. | | 20 January 1613 | Sweden, Denmark-Norway, UK [wars] | The Peace of Knäred, mediated by King James I of England, ends the War of Kalmar between Denmark and Sweden; Denmark gains acknowledgement of its claim to Finnmark and retains Älvsborg for four years as security against reparations of $1 million. | | 21 February 1613 | Russia [political events] | After the expulsion of the Poles from Moscow, the Zemsky Sobor (council of Boyars), elects the Boyar Michael Romanov as tsar of Russia (the founder of the Romanov dynasty). |
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