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1616| 1606–1657 | Ottoman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, Hungary, Transylvania [treaties] | The 1606 peace treaties between the Habsburg and Ottoman empires lead to half a century of peace and stability in Hungary; no major campaigns are fought between the two, though frontier skirmishes and raids are endemic, and Transylvania develops into a rich regional power. | | 1607–1700 | North America, UK [food and drink] | Fruits introduced to the North American colonies from England include apples, which adapt well in New England, and peaches, which grow easily in Virginia and other warmer regions. Native vegetables like pumpkins, squash, and beans are favoured over European vegetables. | | 1616 | Germany [literature and language] | The pamphlet Chymische Hochzeit/The Chemical Wedding appears under the pseudonym Christian Rosenkreutz, written by the German theologian Johann Valentin Andreä. The secret (and fictitious) religious society the pamphlets describe causes a great deal of interest throughout Europe and leads to the creation of the Rosicrucian society. | | 1616 | Netherlands [painting] | The Dutch painter Frans Hals paints The Banquet of the Officers of the Archers of Saint George. | | 1616 | Poland, Rome [Catholicism] | The Copernican belief in a heliocentric (Sun-centred) Solar System is declared false by the Roman Catholic Church. | | 22 April 1616 | Spain [births and deaths] | Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, celebrated Spanish novelist, dramatist and poet, whose best-known work is Don Quixote (1605, 1615), dies in Madrid, Spain (68). | | 23 April 1616 | England [births and deaths] | William Shakespeare, English dramatist and poet, often considered the greatest playwright in history, dies in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England (52). | | 3 May 1616 | France [treaties] | The Treaty of Loudun ends the French rebellion against the administration and the accompanying civil war; it grants an amnesty and large payments to the rebels, and installs Henri II de Bourbon, Prince of Condé, as head of the Council, but no concessions are made to the Huguenots (French Protestants); the unpopular Concino Concini remains in power as marshal of France. | | 1 June 1616 | Japan [births and deaths] | Tokugawa Ieyasu (original name Tokugawa Takechiyo), Japanese shogun (military ruler), founder of the Tokugawa (or Edo) shogunate, dies in Edo (now Tokyo), Japan (73). | | 1 June 1616 | Japan [political events] | The Japanese de-facto shogun (military ruler) Tokugawa Ieyasu dies, handing de-facto as well as formal rule to his son Tokugawa Hidetada, shogun in name since 1605. |
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