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1621| 1606–1657 | Ottoman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, Hungary, Transylvania [treaties] | The 1606 peace treaties between the Habsburg and Ottoman empires lead to half a century of peace and stability in Hungary; no major campaigns are fought between the two, though frontier skirmishes and raids are endemic, and Transylvania develops into a rich regional power. | | 1607–1700 | North America, UK [food and drink] | Fruits introduced to the North American colonies from England include apples, which adapt well in New England, and peaches, which grow easily in Virginia and other warmer regions. Native vegetables like pumpkins, squash, and beans are favoured over European vegetables. | | 1621 | England [health and medicine] | English scholar Robert Burton publishes The Anatomy of a Melancholy, a medical treatise on depression that brings together a wealth of curious lore and scholarship. | | 9 February 1621 | Papal States, Italy [political events] | Alessandro Ludovisi, cardinal of Bologna, is elected Pope Gregory XV, following the death of Pope Paul V on 28 January. | | 31 March 1621 | Spain [political events] | Philip IV becomes king of Spain on the death of Philip III. He appoints Gaspar de Guzmán, Conde-Duque of Olivares and nephew of Baltazar Zuñiga, former envoy of Prague, as his chief minister. | | August 1621 | United Netherlands, Spain [Spanish–Dutch War (1621–48)] | The Twelve Years Truce (of April 1609) between the United Netherlands and Spain comes to an end and war is resumed. | | 8 September 1621 | France [births and deaths] | Louis II de Bourbon, Prince of Condé, French noble, leader of the last of the Fronde uprisings (1648–53), later an outstanding general under King Louis XIV, born (–1686). |
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