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1629| 1606–1657 | Ottoman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, Hungary, Transylvania [treaties] | The 1606 peace treaties between the Habsburg and Ottoman empires lead to half a century of peace and stability in Hungary; no major campaigns are fought between the two, though frontier skirmishes and raids are endemic, and Transylvania develops into a rich regional power. | | 1607–1700 | North America, UK [food and drink] | Fruits introduced to the North American colonies from England include apples, which adapt well in New England, and peaches, which grow easily in Virginia and other warmer regions. Native vegetables like pumpkins, squash, and beans are favoured over European vegetables. | | c. 1629 | Netherlands, Germany [painting] | The Dutch artist Rembrandt van Rijn paints Self-Portrait (Munich), one of the earliest of his many self-portraits. | | 1629 | Japan [women's rights] | Female actors are banned in Japan, so kabuki theatre, a popular form of theatre originated by a woman that employs music and dancing and depicts scenes of everyday life, is developed by all-male companies. | | 19 January 1629 | Persia [births and deaths] | 'Abbas I the Great, Shah of Persia 1588–1629, who expelled the Ottomans and Uzbeks from Persia, dies (57). | | 6 March 1629 | Savoy, Italy, Holy Roman Empire, France, Spain, Habsburg Monarchy [Thirty Years War (1618–48)] | Savoyard forces attempting to block a Habsburg attack on Charles, duc de Nevers, the French claimant in possession of the vacant north Italian duchy of Mantua, are defeated at Susa in Savoy. This involvement of Spanish forces in the War of the Mantuan Succession nevertheless diverts vital imperial resources from the struggle against the Dutch and German Protestants. | | 14 April 1629 | United Netherlands [births and deaths] | Christiaan Huygens, Dutch mathematician, astronomer, and physicist, who developed the wave theory of light, born in The Hague, United Netherlands (–1695). | | 14 April 1629 | UK, France [treaties] | The Peace of Susa ends the war between England and France. | | 22 May 1629 | Denmark-Norway, Holy Roman Empire [treaties] | King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway is forced to sign the Peace of Lübeck with the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II, following his defeat by Albrecht von Wallenstein, the imperial commander in chief. Christian undertakes to refrain from intervening in imperial affairs. | | 29 June 1629 | France [treaties] | The Peace of Alais ends the Huguenot (French Protestant) revolt in the Languedoc, southern France. The Huguenots are assured of religious liberty, but are required to end all political organization. The governments of Nîmes, Montauban, and other cities are remodelled. | | 25 September 1629 | Sweden, Poland [treaties] | The Truce of Altmark is signed between Sweden and Poland. By its terms, Sweden retains Livonia, Memel, Pillau, Braunsberg, and Elbing (modern Elbla¸g, Poland). Danzig (Gdansk) is to pay two-thirds of the customs duties levied in its port to Sweden. |
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