| 1606–1657 | Ottoman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, Hungary, Transylvania [treaties] | The 1606 peace treaties between the Habsburg and Ottoman empires lead to half a century of peace and stability in Hungary; no major campaigns are fought between the two, though frontier skirmishes and raids are endemic, and Transylvania develops into a rich regional power. |
| 1607–1700 | North America, UK [food and drink] | Fruits introduced to the North American colonies from England include apples, which adapt well in New England, and peaches, which grow easily in Virginia and other warmer regions. Native vegetables like pumpkins, squash, and beans are favoured over European vegetables. |
| 1630 | Italy [health and medicine] | An epidemic of bubonic plague kills 500,000 Venetians. The Venetian Empire will never fully recover. |
| 1630 | Flanders [painting] | The Flemish artist Peter Paul Rubens paints The Garden of Love. |
| 1630 | Bohemia [philosophy] | Bohemian philosopher and educational reformer Comenius publishes Labyrint Sveta a ráj srdce/The Labyrinth of the World and the Paradise of the Heart, his most important philosophical work. |
| 1630 | England [plays] | The tragedy 'Tis Pity She's a Whore by the English dramatist John Ford is first performed, in London, England. It is first published in 1633. |
| 1630 | UK, North America [colonization] | The English Puritan governor John Winthrop arrives in Massachusetts, North America, with 1,000 settlers, to found Boston. ‘The Great Migration’ to the Massachusetts Bay Colony continues (–1642) with the arrival of 16,000 settlers from England. |
| 1630 | France [weapons] | French gunsmith Marin le Bougeoys perfects the flintlock, combining the striker and pan in one piece. |
| 29 May 1630 | England [births and deaths] | Charles II, King of Great Britain and Ireland 1660–85, who was restored to the throne after the Puritan Commonwealth, born in London, England (–1685). |
| 6 July 1630 | Sweden, Germany, Holy Roman Empire [Thirty Years War (1618–48)] | King Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden lands at Usedom, Pomerania, and marches his army into Germany. He quickly occupies Pomerania and restores Mecklenburg, awarded to the imperial commander in chief Albrecht von Wallenstein, to its hereditary dukes. |
| 17 July 1630 | Mantua, Italy, Holy Roman Empire [wars] | Mantua falls to the imperialist army in the War of the Mantuan Succession. |
| 13 August 1630 | Holy Roman Empire [Thirty Years War (1618–48)] | The Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II dismisses his commander in chief Albrecht von Wallenstein. Count Johan Tserclaus von Tilly assumes command of his army. The emperor is no longer able to dictate to the Catholic League. |
| 10 November 1630 | France [political events] | In the ‘Day of Dupes’, France's Cardinal Richelieu overthrows the conspiracy of the queen mother Marie de' Medici and the heir presumptive Gaston, Duke of Orléans, against him. Marillac, the queen mother's servant, is executed and Marie, banished from Paris, France, takes refuge in Brussels. As a result Richelieu is in a stronger position than ever before, and the Spanish faction in France is vanquished. |
| 15 November 1630 | Bavaria [births and deaths] | Johannes Kepler, German astronomer, who discovered the elliptical nature of orbits, dies in Regensburg, Bavaria (now Germany) (58). |
