| 1606–1657 | Ottoman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, Hungary, Transylvania [treaties] | The 1606 peace treaties between the Habsburg and Ottoman empires lead to half a century of peace and stability in Hungary; no major campaigns are fought between the two, though frontier skirmishes and raids are endemic, and Transylvania develops into a rich regional power. |
| 1607–1700 | North America, UK [food and drink] | Fruits introduced to the North American colonies from England include apples, which adapt well in New England, and peaches, which grow easily in Virginia and other warmer regions. Native vegetables like pumpkins, squash, and beans are favoured over European vegetables. |
| 1632 | Netherlands [painting] | The Dutch artist Rembrandt van Rijn paints The Anatomy Lesson of Doctor Tulp. |
| 1632 | Russia, Poland [wars] | Russia declares war with Poland over the issue of the city of Smolensk on the River Dnieper, claimed by both countries. |
| 13 April 1632 | Holy Roman Empire, Saxony, Germany, Bohemia, Habsburg Monarchy [Thirty Years War (1618–48)] | The Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II formally reinstates the imperial commander Albrecht von Wallenstein as supreme imperial commander with an army of 50,000 men. Wallenstein is given orders to drive the Saxons from Bohemia. |
| 14 April 1632 | Sweden, Holy Roman Empire [Thirty Years War (1618–48)] | King Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden defeats the imperialist army of Johan Tserclaes, Graf von Tilly, on the River Lech near the confluence of the rivers Lenz and Danube. Tilly is mortally wounded (he dies on 30 April). The Swedish army moves on to Ingolstadt, Bavaria, but is forced to raise the siege. |
| 20 April 1632 | Poland [political events] | Following the death of King Sigismund III Vasa of Poland, he is succeeded by his son Wladyslaw IV. |
| 29 August 1632 | England [births and deaths] | John Locke, highly influential English political and educational philosopher, whose major work is Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689), born in Wrington, Somerset, England (–1704). |
| 20 October 1632 | England [births and deaths] | Christopher Wren, English architect, astronomer and geometrician, who designed Saint Paul's Cathedral in London, England, and over 50 other London churches, and founded the Royal Society, born in East Knoyle, Wiltshire, England (–1723). |
| 6 November 1632 | Sweden [political events] | Following the death of King Gustavus II Adolphus in battle, his daughter Christina, aged six, becomes queen of Sweden. She appoints Count Axel Oxenstjerna, chancellor since 1612, as regent. |
| 6 November 1632 | Sweden, Holy Roman Empire [Thirty Years War (1618–48)] | Bernhard, duke of Saxe-Weimar, succeeds King Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden as general of the Swedish army when Gustavus is killed in action while defeating the army of the imperial commander Albrecht von Wallenstein at the Battle of Lützen, supported by the Saxon troops of military commander Hans Georg von Arnim. |
| 24 November 1632 | United Netherlands [births and deaths] | Benedict de Spinoza, Dutch philosopher, leading exponent of rationalism, born in Amsterdam, United Netherlands (–1677). |
