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1634| 1606–1657 | Ottoman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, Hungary, Transylvania [treaties] | The 1606 peace treaties between the Habsburg and Ottoman empires lead to half a century of peace and stability in Hungary; no major campaigns are fought between the two, though frontier skirmishes and raids are endemic, and Transylvania develops into a rich regional power. | | 1607–1700 | North America, UK [food and drink] | Fruits introduced to the North American colonies from England include apples, which adapt well in New England, and peaches, which grow easily in Virginia and other warmer regions. Native vegetables like pumpkins, squash, and beans are favoured over European vegetables. | | 1634 | Bavaria, Germany [plays] | The German Oberammergau Passion Play is inaugurated by the people of the village of Oberammergau in Bavaria. They make a vow to perform the play every ten years after an outbreak of plague in 1633. | | 1634 | France [scholarly academies and societies] | The Académie Française (French Academy, devoted to maintaining the purity of the French language ) is founded by France's chief minister Cardinal Richelieu. It is officially recognized by King Louis XIII in January 1635, and starts work on a French language dictionary in 1639. | | 25 February 1634 | Holy Roman Empire, Hungary [political events] | When General Albrecht von Wallenstein and his aides are murdered by garrison officers at Eger following his dismissal, the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II appoints his son Ferdinand, king of Hungary, as commander-in-chief of the imperial army, creating a situation in which a revival of Habsburg fortunes can occur. | | 4 March 1634 | North America [shops and shopping] | Samuel Cole opens the first tavern in the North American colonies, in Boston, Massachusetts. Although many New England authorities disapprove of them, taverns begin to flourish during the 1630s as gathering places for socializing and, later, for political discussions and meetings. | | 5 September 1634 | Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Sweden [Thirty Years War (1618–48)] | Imperial and Spanish forces, under the command of the two cousins Ferdinand III, King of Hungary, and the cardinal-infante Ferdinand, son of King Philip III of Spain, defeat the Protestant forces of the League of Heilbronn, under Marshal Horn and Duke Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar, at the Battle of Nördlingen. The victory causes the loss of all Swedish conquests in southern Germany and ultimately leads to the dissolution of the League of Heilbronn and the entry of France into the Thirty Years' War. |
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