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1635| 1606–1657 | Ottoman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, Hungary, Transylvania [treaties] | The 1606 peace treaties between the Habsburg and Ottoman empires lead to half a century of peace and stability in Hungary; no major campaigns are fought between the two, though frontier skirmishes and raids are endemic, and Transylvania develops into a rich regional power. | | 1607–1700 | North America, UK [food and drink] | Fruits introduced to the North American colonies from England include apples, which adapt well in New England, and peaches, which grow easily in Virginia and other warmer regions. Native vegetables like pumpkins, squash, and beans are favoured over European vegetables. | | c. 1635 | France [painting] | The French artist Nicolas Poussin paints The Rape of the Sabine Women. | | 1635 | Spain [painting] | The Spanish artist Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velázquez paints Surrender of Breda. | | 1635 | UK [postal services] | A postal service begins in Britain with the introduction of a mail coach service between London, England, and Edinburgh, Scotland. The cost of postage depends on the distance covered. | | 1635 | France, Swiss Confederation, Italy, Spain [Thirty Years War (1618–48)] | French forces under the former Huguenot (French Protestant) leader Henri, duc de Rohan, assisted by Swiss Protestants led by Pastor Jürg Jenatsch, successfully invade the Valtelline in the Alps, expelling the Spanish garrison and again disrupting the Habsburg ‘Spanish Road’ military communications route between Italy, Austria, and the Spanish Netherlands. | | 1635 | United Netherlands [architecture] | The Mauritshuis, designed by the Dutch architect Jacob von Campen (Kampen), is completed in The Hague, United Netherlands. His finest work, it shows the influence of Italian architecture. | | 1635 | North America [colonization] | The colonization of Connecticut, North America, begins in earnest. A group of refugees from Dorchester, Massachusetts, settles in the newly established trading post of Windsor and colonists from Newtown settle in the area around Hartford. John Winthrop the younger takes control of the mouth of the Connecticut River and, before March 1636, is accepted as governor of the colony by its inhabitants. | | 30 April 1635 | France, Sweden [Thirty Years War (1618–48)] | During a visit to Paris, France, by the Swedish regent Count Axel Oxenstjerna, France and Sweden enter into a further treaty of alliance, the Treaty of Compiègne. By its terms, France recognizes Sweden as its main ally, pledges to declare war on Spain, and promises not to make peace without Sweden's consent. Sweden will control Worms, Mainz, and Benfeld while the French gain territory on the left bank of the River Rhine between Breisach and Strasbourg. | | 19 May 1635 | France, Sweden, Spain [Thirty Years War (1618–48)] | In accordance with its treaty obligations to Sweden, France formally declares war on Spain, using a Spanish raid on the southern French town of Trèves as a pretext, and opening a new phase of the Thirty Years' War. | | 30 May 1635 | Holy Roman Empire, Saxony, Germany [treaties] | The Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II and Elector John George of Saxony sign the Peace of Prague. By its terms, the Elector of Saxony retains possession of Lusatia (part of Bohemia) and his son keeps Magdeburg. The implemention of the terms of the Edict of Restitution of March 1629 is postponed for 40 years, so that possession of ecclesiastical land in the Empire remains as it was in November 1627. The treaty is subsequently accepted by Brandenburg and most Lutheran states. Henceforward, the Thirty Years' War becomes a conflict between the Holy Roman Empire and Spain on the one hand, and the allied forces of France, United Netherlands, and Sweden on the other. | | June 1635 | France, Spanish Netherlands, Spain, United Netherlands [Spanish–Dutch War (1621–48)] | Having invaded the Spanish Netherlands and defeated Spanish forces at Namur, the French march to join Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, at Maastricht. However, their assistance is rejected by the Dutch and before the end of the year they retreat, leaving Maastricht cut off by the Spanish. | | 11 July 1635 | France, Parma, Savoy, Mantua, Italy, Spain, Milan [diplomacy] | As a result of the diplomacy of France's chief minister Cardinal Richelieu, Parma, Savoy, and Mantua agree to join France in a league aimed at ousting Spain from its control of Milan. |
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