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1637| 1606–1657 | Ottoman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, Hungary, Transylvania [treaties] | The 1606 peace treaties between the Habsburg and Ottoman empires lead to half a century of peace and stability in Hungary; no major campaigns are fought between the two, though frontier skirmishes and raids are endemic, and Transylvania develops into a rich regional power. | | 1607–1700 | North America, UK [food and drink] | Fruits introduced to the North American colonies from England include apples, which adapt well in New England, and peaches, which grow easily in Virginia and other warmer regions. Native vegetables like pumpkins, squash, and beans are favoured over European vegetables. | | 1637 | England [literature and language] | The English poet John Milton publishes the masque (an entertainment involving theatre, music, and dance) Comus. It was first performed in 1634 at Ludlow Castle, in celebration of the Earl of Bridgwater's appointment to the presidency of Wales. | | 1637 | France [philosophy] | French philosopher and mathematician René Descartes publishes Discours de la méthode/Discourse on Method. A radical approach to the theory of knowledge, it marks the beginning of modern philosophy. It contains the well-known statement: ‘Je pense, donc je suis’ (‘I think, therefore I am’). | | 1637 | Japan, Portugal [political events] | Following a peasant revolt which is supported by Christians in revolt against the Japanese shogun (military ruler), Portuguese traders are expelled from Japan and Christians are persecuted. The Japanese are banned from leaving the country and very few foreigners are allowed in. | | 6 August 1637 | England [births and deaths] | Ben Jonson, a leading English dramatist, lyric poet, and critic of the Jacobean age, whose works include The Alchemist (1610), dies in London, England (65). |
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