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1646| 1606–1657 | Ottoman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, Hungary, Transylvania [treaties] | The 1606 peace treaties between the Habsburg and Ottoman empires lead to half a century of peace and stability in Hungary; no major campaigns are fought between the two, though frontier skirmishes and raids are endemic, and Transylvania develops into a rich regional power. | | 1607–1700 | North America, UK [food and drink] | Fruits introduced to the North American colonies from England include apples, which adapt well in New England, and peaches, which grow easily in Virginia and other warmer regions. Native vegetables like pumpkins, squash, and beans are favoured over European vegetables. | | 1640–1700 | North America [literature and language] | Literacy rates in the colonies, particularly in New England, are high relative to those in the Old World. Shipton, New England has a 95% literacy rate; males in Virginia have a literacy rate between 54% and 60%. | | 1646 | UK [cricket] | The first recorded cricket match in England is played at Coxheath, Kent. | | 5 May 1646 | UK [British Civil Wars (1642–51)] | Having left Oxford in disguise on 27 April, following Parliament's success in mopping up the final Royalist pockets of resistance in England, King Charles I surrenders to the Scots at Southwall, near Newark, Nottinghamshire. | | 13 July 1646 | UK [diplomacy] | Parliamentary commissioners present King Charles I of Great Britain and Ireland with the Newcastle Propositions, asking for his acceptance of the Solemn League and Covenant (an alliance between the English parliament and the Scottish rebels, agreed in September 1643), the abolition of episcopacy, reformation of religion according to the wishes of Parliament and the Westminster Assembly of Divines, parliamentary control over the army for a period of 20 years, and punishment of leading Royalists. Charles does not reject the proposals immediately, but delays his answer until 1 August. | | 26 December 1646 | France [births and deaths] | Henry II de Bourbon, 3rd Prince of Condé, French army commander and former rebel against the late kings Henry IV and Louis XIII, dies. |
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