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1659| 1607–1700 | North America, UK [food and drink] | Fruits introduced to the North American colonies from England include apples, which adapt well in New England, and peaches, which grow easily in Virginia and other warmer regions. Native vegetables like pumpkins, squash, and beans are favoured over European vegetables. | | 1640–1700 | North America [literature and language] | Literacy rates in the colonies, particularly in New England, are high relative to those in the Old World. Shipton, New England has a 95% literacy rate; males in Virginia have a literacy rate between 54% and 60%. | | 1659 | France [theatre and dance] | The comedy Les Précieuses ridicules/The Affected Young Ladies by the French dramatist Molière (Jean-Baptiste Poquelin) is first performed. | | 1659 | France [agriculture] | The Spanish infanta Maria Theresa introduces cocoa into France, where it is regarded variously as a medicinal potion and an aphrodisiac. | | c. 1659 | England [births and deaths] | Henry Purcell, English composer, born in London, England (–1695). | | 25 May 1659 | UK [administration] | Richard Cromwell resigns as Lord Protector of England and the Commonwealth is re-established by the Rump Parliament. | | 7 November 1659 | Spain, France, Spanish Netherlands [treaties] | The Peace of the Pyrenees ends the long-running war between Spain and France. France obtains Roussillon, Cerdagne, most of Artois, Gravelines, and several fortresses in Hainault and the Duchy of Luxembourg. Spain resigns her claims to Alsace, but has her sovereignty in Franche-Comté confirmed and retains the rest of her possessions in the Spanish Netherlands. Louis II de Bourbon, Prince of Condé, is pardoned and a marriage alliance is negotiated between King Louis XIV of France and Maria Theresa, King Philip IV of Spain's eldest daughter. She renounces her claim to the Spanish throne in return for a dowry. |
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