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1663| 1607–1700 | North America, UK [food and drink] | Fruits introduced to the North American colonies from England include apples, which adapt well in New England, and peaches, which grow easily in Virginia and other warmer regions. Native vegetables like pumpkins, squash, and beans are favoured over European vegetables. | | 1640–1700 | North America [literature and language] | Literacy rates in the colonies, particularly in New England, are high relative to those in the Old World. Shipton, New England has a 95% literacy rate; males in Virginia have a literacy rate between 54% and 60%. | | 1663 | England [literature and language] | The English poet Samuel Butler publishes the first part of his satire Hudibras, written in ‘Hudibrastics’ (eight-syllable rhyming couplets). Part two appears in 1664, part three in 1678. | | 1663 | Germany [thought and scholarship] | German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried von Leibniz publishes De Principio individui/On the Principle of the Individual, a defence of nominalism (the view that names are merely conventions and do not imply the existence of universals). | | c. 1663 | Netherlands [art] | The Dutch artist Pieter de Hooch paints At the Linen Closet. | | 12 February 1663 | America [births and deaths] | Cotton Mather, New England author, educator, and Congregational minister, son of Increase Mather, born in Boston, Massachusetts (–1728). | | 8 July 1663 | North America, UK [law and government] | King Charles II of England grants a royal charter to Rhode Island. The charter gives the colony the right to elect its own governor and it also contains a guarantee of religious freedom. |
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