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1666| 1607–1700 | North America, UK [food and drink] | Fruits introduced to the North American colonies from England include apples, which adapt well in New England, and peaches, which grow easily in Virginia and other warmer regions. Native vegetables like pumpkins, squash, and beans are favoured over European vegetables. | | 1640–1700 | North America [literature and language] | Literacy rates in the colonies, particularly in New England, are high relative to those in the Old World. Shipton, New England has a 95% literacy rate; males in Virginia have a literacy rate between 54% and 60%. | | 1666 | [maths] | In order to calculate the Moon's orbit accurately, English mathematician and physicist Isaac Newton completes the development of a new type of mathematics, calculus or ‘fluxions’, to add infinitesimally small elements of the orbit together. | | 1666 | Persia, Safavid Empire [administration] | Safi II succeeds his father Abbas II as Shah of Persia. He is crowned again as Suleiman I in 1668. | | 1666 | Germany [chemistry] | The German chemist Otto Tachenius publishes his Hippocrates chimicus/Chemistry of Hippocrates, proposing that all salts arise from the combination of an acid with a base. | | 1666 | Netherlands [painting] | The Dutch artist Rembrandt van Rijn paints The Jewish Bride and Portrait of Titus. | | 16 January 1666 | France, UK, United Netherlands, Germany, Holy Roman Empire [treaties] | By the terms of the treaty of 1662, France declares war against Britain in support of the United Netherlands. The French send an army against the bishop of Münster in the Holy Roman Empire, Britain's sole ally, whose forces have invaded the eastern provinces of the United Netherlands. | | 19 April 1666 | UK, France, United Netherlands [treaties] | Britain's sole ally in the war against the Dutch and French, the bishop of Münster in the Holy Roman Empire, sues for peace and a treaty is signed providing for a virtual total disarmament of his forces. | | 2 September - 5 September 1666 | UK [natural disasters] | The Great Fire devastates the city of London, England. Many buildings are destroyed, including St Paul's Cathedral and the Guildhall. |
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