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167 BC| c. 400 BC–AD c. 250 | Central America [everyday life] | The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of Mayan culture takes place in Mexico. By 400 BC, large structures have been built at several sites in the tropical lowland jungle. In the highlands, people begin to put up large clay platforms, some the basis for temples and others for elite houses, flanking open plazas. | | c. 200 BC–AD c. 200 | South America [religion] | During this period the Nazca Lines are drawn in the desert along the south coast of Peru. These are enormous stylized outlines of animals, including a monkey, whale, spider, and hummingbird, and sets of parallel lines, some as long as 20 km/12 mi. They are believed to be a development of Chavín de Huantar art; they may have had religious significance, or they may have been connected with astronomy. | | 171 BC–167 BC | Greece, Rome [Macedonian–Roman Wars (216–172 BC)] | Rome declares war on King Perseus of Macedon, who is vehemently anti-Roman, and the Third Macedonian War begins. The Romans initially suffer several defeats due to bad leadership. The Greek kingdom of Epirus joins Macedon, but the Greek leagues hold back. | | 167 BC | Syria, Palestine, Seleucid Kingdom [religion] | King Antiochus IV of Syria attempts a policy of religious centralization in the Seleucid Empire with a view to forcing its people to worship the same gods as the Greeks. A Syrian god is identified with the Greek god Zeus for this purpose. When Antiochus tries to force the Jews to worship Zeus, putting a statue of Zeus in the temple at Jerusalem, and confiscating the temple treasures, the Jewish priest Mattathias rebels and slays the enforcing official and those Jews who attempt to obey. Mattathias leads a rebellion, and on his death in the following year is succeeded by his son Judas, the ‘Maccabee’ or the ‘Hammer’. |
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