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1676| 1607–1700 | North America, UK [food and drink] | Fruits introduced to the North American colonies from England include apples, which adapt well in New England, and peaches, which grow easily in Virginia and other warmer regions. Native vegetables like pumpkins, squash, and beans are favoured over European vegetables. | | 1640–1700 | North America [literature and language] | Literacy rates in the colonies, particularly in New England, are high relative to those in the Old World. Shipton, New England has a 95% literacy rate; males in Virginia have a literacy rate between 54% and 60%. | | 1667–1685 | France [law and government] | A substantial reform of French law takes place with the introduction of a new Civil Code, the Code Louis, in 1667. It is followed by the Criminal Code in 1670, the Maritime Code in 1672, the Commercial Code in 1673, and the Code Noir in 1685, which caters for slaves in the colonies. It remains the basis of French law until the Code Napoléon is introduced in 1804. | | 1676 | Italy [architecture] | The Church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in Rome, Italy, designed by the Italian architect Francesco Borromini, is completed. It becomes a key work in the development of baroque architecture. | | March 1676 | England [medicine] | English physician Thomas Sydenham publishes Observationes medicae/Medical Observations, which will be a standard medical text for two centuries. In it, he analyses fevers and suggests cooling treatment for smallpox. | | 26 August 1676 | England [births and deaths] | Robert Walpole, prime minister of Britain 1721–42, a Whig, born in Houghton Hall, Norfolk, England (–1745). | | 21 September 1676 | Papal States, Italy [Catholicism] | Benedetto Odescalchi is elected Pope Innocent XI following the death of Pope Clement X. | | 18 October 1676 | North America [wars] | Nathaniel Bacon, leader of the rebellion in Virginia, dies unexpectedly. His forces surrender to the governor Sir William Berkeley with the promise of amnesty. | | 3 November 1676 | Ottoman Empire [administration] | Ahmed Köprülü dies and is succeeded by his brother-in-law Kara Mustafa as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. | | 3 December 1676 | Sweden, Denmark-Norway [wars] | King Charles XI of Sweden defeats an invading Danish army at Lund in southern Sweden. |
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