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1681| 1607–1700 | North America, UK [food and drink] | Fruits introduced to the North American colonies from England include apples, which adapt well in New England, and peaches, which grow easily in Virginia and other warmer regions. Native vegetables like pumpkins, squash, and beans are favoured over European vegetables. | | 1640–1700 | North America [literature and language] | Literacy rates in the colonies, particularly in New England, are high relative to those in the Old World. Shipton, New England has a 95% literacy rate; males in Virginia have a literacy rate between 54% and 60%. | | 1667–1685 | France [law and government] | A substantial reform of French law takes place with the introduction of a new Civil Code, the Code Louis, in 1667. It is followed by the Criminal Code in 1670, the Maritime Code in 1672, the Commercial Code in 1673, and the Code Noir in 1685, which caters for slaves in the colonies. It remains the basis of French law until the Code Napoléon is introduced in 1804. | | 1681 | England [literature and language] | The English poet and dramatist John Dryden publishes part one of his satirical allegory Absalom and Achitophel. Part two appears in 1682. | | 1681 | France [architecture] | The Galerie des Glaces (Hall of Mirrors) at the Palace of Versailles, near Paris, France, designed by the French architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart, is completed. His extensions to Versailles are completed in 1689. | | 1681 | North America [architecture] | The Old Ship Meeting house in Hingham, Massachusetts, is built. | | 1681 | Africa [zoology] | The dodo, a type of large flightless bird inhabiting the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean, is driven to extinction by the arrival of Europeans who hunt it for food. |
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