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169| c. 400 BC–AD c. 250 | Central America [everyday life] | The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of Mayan culture takes place in Mexico. By 400 BC, large structures have been built at several sites in the tropical lowland jungle. In the highlands, people begin to put up large clay platforms, some the basis for temples and others for elite houses, flanking open plazas. | | c. 200 BC–AD c. 200 | South America [religion] | During this period the Nazca Lines are drawn in the desert along the south coast of Peru. These are enormous stylized outlines of animals, including a monkey, whale, spider, and hummingbird, and sets of parallel lines, some as long as 20 km/12 mi. They are believed to be a development of Chavín de Huantar art; they may have had religious significance, or they may have been connected with astronomy. | | c. 100–c. 200 | Central America [town planning] | Great building projects are carried out in the pre-Toltec city of Teotihuacán in the Mexican Basin. A great central avenue is laid out, now known as the Street of the Dead. The Temple of the Sun is also completed, dominating the Street of the Dead; at 65 m/216 ft, it is the highest pyramid in Mexico. Another slightly smaller pyramid, to the Moon, is also constructed. Twenty further temples line the avenue. | | 167–170 | Roman Empire, Asia Minor, Greece, Gaul, Egypt, Italy [plagues and epidemics] | Plague – probably bubonic – is brought back from the East by Roman troops. Asia Minor, Greece, Gaul, and Egypt are affected as well as Italy. | | 168–169 | Roman Empire, Italy [wars] | With help (duly paid for) from other German tribes and from the Scythians, the Romans eventually beat back the Marcomanni-led German invaders from the town of Aquileia in northern Italy. | | 169 | Roman Empire [wars] | Germanic tribes again break through northern frontiers of the Roman Empire and invade the provinces from Raetia (modern Switzerland) to Moesia (modern Bulgaria) – the Second Marcomannian War. At the same time, the Moors of north Africa invade Spain, and the Lombards appear on the River Rhine. |
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