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169 BC| c. 400 BC–AD c. 250 | Central America [everyday life] | The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of Mayan culture takes place in Mexico. By 400 BC, large structures have been built at several sites in the tropical lowland jungle. In the highlands, people begin to put up large clay platforms, some the basis for temples and others for elite houses, flanking open plazas. | | c. 200 BC–AD c. 200 | South America [religion] | During this period the Nazca Lines are drawn in the desert along the south coast of Peru. These are enormous stylized outlines of animals, including a monkey, whale, spider, and hummingbird, and sets of parallel lines, some as long as 20 km/12 mi. They are believed to be a development of Chavín de Huantar art; they may have had religious significance, or they may have been connected with astronomy. | | 171 BC–167 BC | Greece, Rome [Macedonian–Roman Wars (216–172 BC)] | Rome declares war on King Perseus of Macedon, who is vehemently anti-Roman, and the Third Macedonian War begins. The Romans initially suffer several defeats due to bad leadership. The Greek kingdom of Epirus joins Macedon, but the Greek leagues hold back. | | 169 BC | Syria, Bactria, India, Mauryan Empire, Seleucid Kingdom [wars] | King Antiochus IV of Syria attempts to regain the kingdom of Bactria and India for the Seleucid Empire. Although he does not succeed, he weakens the kingdom sufficiently to lead to its subsequent downfall. With increasing nomadic pressure from the steppes, the kingdom has disappeared by 128 BC. |
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